1. It is difficult to take off the gate. In the process of injection molding, the gate is stuck in the gate sleeve and is not easy to take off. When opening the mold, the product is cracked and damaged. In addition, the operator must knock out the tip of the copper rod from the nozzle to loosen it before demoulding, which seriously affects the production efficiency.

故（gù）障主要（yào）原因澆口錐孔光（guāng）潔度差，內孔圓周方向有刀痕。其次是材料太軟，使用一（yī）段時（shí）間後錐孔小端變形或損傷，以及噴嘴球（qiú）麵弧度太小，致使（shǐ）澆口料在此處產生鉚頭。澆口套的錐孔較（jiào）難加工，應盡量采用標準件，如需自行加工（gōng），也應自（zì）製（zhì）或購買專用鉸刀。錐孔需經（jīng）過研磨Ra0.4以上。此外，必須設置澆口拉料杆或者澆口頂出（chū）。

The main cause of the failure is the poor finish of the gate taper hole and the knife mark in the circumferential direction of the inner hole. Secondly, the material is too soft, the small end of the conical hole is deformed or damaged after use for a period of time, and the spherical radian of the nozzle is too small, resulting in the rivet head of the gate material here. The taper hole of gate sleeve is difficult to process, so standard parts shall be used as far as possible. If it needs to be processed by ourselves, special reamers shall also be made or purchased. The taper hole shall be ground to above Ra0.4. In addition, a gate pull rod or gate ejection must be set.

2大型（xíng）模具（jù）動定（dìng）模偏移大型（xíng）模具因各向充料速率不同，以及在裝模時受模具自重的影響產生動、定模偏移。在上述幾種情況下，注射時側向偏移力將加在導柱上，開（kāi）模時導（dǎo）柱表麵拉毛、損傷，嚴重時（shí）導柱彎曲或切斷，甚（shèn）無法開模。

2 large mold dynamic and fixed mold offset large molds have dynamic and fixed mold offset due to different anisotropic filling rates and the influence of mold self weight during mold loading. In the above cases, the lateral offset force will be added to the guide column during injection, and the surface of the guide column will be roughened and damaged during mold opening. In serious cases, the guide column will be bent or cut off, or even unable to open the mold.

方法為了以上問題，在模（mó）具分型麵上增設高強度的（de）定位鍵四麵各一個，簡（jiǎn）便有效的是采用圓柱鍵。導柱孔與分模麵的垂直度關重要，在加工時是采用動（dòng）、定模對準 位置夾緊後，在鏜床（chuáng）上一次鏜完,這樣可保證動、定模孔的同心度，並使垂直度誤（wù）差小（xiǎo）。此外，導柱及導套的熱處理（lǐ）硬度務必達到設計要求（qiú）。

Solution in order to solve the above problems, a high-strength positioning key is added on the parting surface of the die, one on each side, and the most simple and effective is to use the cylindrical key. The perpendicularity between the guide pillar hole and the parting surface is very important. During processing, the moving and fixed mold are aligned and clamped, and then boring is completed on the boring machine at one time, so as to ensure the concentricity of the moving and fixed mold holes and minimize the perpendicularity error. In addition, the heat treatment hardness of guide post and guide sleeve must meet the design requirements.

3導柱損傷導（dǎo）柱在模具中主要起導向作用，以保證（zhèng）型芯和型腔的（de）成型麵在任何情況下互不相碰，不能以（yǐ）導柱作為受力件或定位件用。

3. The guide post is damaged. The guide post mainly plays a guiding role in the die to ensure that the forming surfaces of the core and cavity do not collide with each other under any circumstances. The guide post cannot be used as a stress part or positioning part.

故障（zhàng）主（zhǔ）要原因在幾種情況下（xià），注（zhù）射時動、定模將產生巨大的（de）側向偏移力（lì）。塑件壁厚要求不均勻時，料流通過厚壁（bì）處速率大，在此處產生較大的壓力；塑（sù）件側麵不對稱，如階（jiē）梯形分型麵的模具相對的兩側麵所受的反壓力不相等。

The main reason for the failure is that in several cases, the moving and fixed mold will produce huge lateral offset force during injection. When the wall thickness of plastic parts is required to be uneven, the rate of material flow passing through the thick wall is large, resulting in large pressure here; The side of the plastic part is asymmetric, such as the back pressure on the opposite sides of the die of the stepped parting surface is not equal.

4動模板彎曲模具在注射時，模腔內熔融塑料產生巨大的反壓力（lì），一般在600~1000公斤/厘米（mǐ）。模具製造者有時不重視此問題，往（wǎng）往改變原設計尺寸，或者把動模板用低強度鋼板（bǎn）代替，在用頂杆頂（dǐng）料的模具中，由於兩側座跨距大,造成注射時模板下彎。

4. When the movable template bending mold is injected, the molten plastic in the mold cavity produces a huge back pressure, generally 600 ~ 1000 kg / cm. Sometimes mold manufacturers do not pay attention to this problem, often change the original design size, or replace the moving template with low-strength steel plate. In the mold with ejector rod, the template is bent down during injection due to the large span of seats on both sides.

方法故動模板必須選用鋼材，要有足夠厚度，切不可用A3等低強度鋼板，在必要時，應在動模板下方設置支撐柱或（huò）支撐（chēng）塊，以減小模板厚度，提（tí）高承載能力。

Solution: therefore, the moving formwork must be made of high-quality steel with sufficient thickness. A3 and other low-strength steel plates shall not be used. If necessary, support columns or blocks shall be set under the moving formwork to reduce the thickness of the formwork and improve the bearing capacity.

5頂（dǐng）杆彎曲，斷（duàn）裂或者漏料自製的頂杆質量較好，就是加工成本太高，現在一般都用（yòng）標（biāo）準件，質量要差一（yī）些。頂杆與孔的間隙如果太大，則出現漏料，但如果間隙太小，在注射時由於（yú）模溫升高，頂（dǐng）杆膨脹而卡（kǎ）死。

5 the ejector rod is bent, broken or leaked. The self-made ejector rod is of good quality, but the processing cost is too high. Now standard parts are generally used, and the quality is worse. If the gap between the ejector rod and the hole is too large, there will be material leakage, but if the gap is too small, the ejector rod will expand and jam due to the increase of mold temperature during injection.

更危險的是，有（yǒu）時頂杆被頂出一般距離就頂不動而折斷，結（jié）果在下一次合模時這段露（lù）出的（de）頂杆不能複位而撞壞凹模。

What's more dangerous is that sometimes the ejector rod can't move and break when it is pushed out for a general distance. As a result, the exposed ejector rod can't be reset at the next mold closing, and the die is damaged.

方法（fǎ）為了這個問題，頂（dǐng）杆（gǎn）重新修磨，在頂杆前端保留10~15毫米的配合段（duàn），中間部分磨小0.2毫米。所有頂杆在裝配後,都必（bì）須嚴格檢查配（pèi）合間隙，一般在0.05~0.08毫米內，要保證整個（gè）頂出機構能進退自如。

Solution: in order to solve this problem, the ejector rod shall be reground, the matching section of 10 ~ 15mm shall be reserved at the front end of the ejector rod, and the middle part shall be ground smaller by 0.2mm. After all ejector rods are assembled, the fit clearance must be strictly checked, generally within 0.05 ~ 0.08mm, to ensure that the whole ejector mechanism can move forward and backward freely.

6冷卻不良或水道漏水（shuǐ）模具的（de）冷卻效果直接影響製品的（de）質量和生產效率，如冷卻不良，製品收縮大，或收縮不均勻而出現（xiàn）翹麵變（biàn）形等缺（quē）陷。另一方（fāng）麵模整體或局部過熱，使模具不能（néng）正常成型而停產，嚴重者使頂杆等活（huó）動件熱脹卡死而損壞。

6 poor cooling or water leakage, the cooling effect of the mold directly affects the quality and production efficiency of the product, such as poor cooling, large shrinkage of the product, or uneven shrinkage and warping deformation. On the other hand, the overall or local overheating of the die makes the die unable to form normally and stop production. In serious cases, the movable parts such as the ejector rod are blocked by thermal expansion and damaged.

故障主要原因冷（lěng）卻係（xì）統的設計，加工以產品形狀而定，不要因為模具結構複雜（zá）或加工困難而省去這個係統，特（tè）別是大中型模具一定要充分考慮冷卻問題（tí）。

The main reason for the failure is that the design and processing of the cooling system depend on the product shape. Do not omit this system because of the complex die structure or difficult processing. In particular, the cooling problem must be fully considered for large and medium-sized dies.

7滑塊傾斜，複位不順有些模具因受模板麵積限製，導槽長度太（tài）小（xiǎo），滑塊在抽芯動（dòng）作完畢後露出導槽外麵，這樣在（zài）抽芯後階段和合模複位初（chū）階段都容易造成滑（huá）塊傾斜，特別是在合模時，滑塊複位（wèi）不順，使滑塊損傷，甚（shèn）壓彎破壞。

7. The slide block is inclined and the reset is not smooth. Due to the limitation of the template area, the length of the guide groove is too small, and the slide block is exposed outside the guide groove after the core pulling action is completed. In this way, the slide block is easy to be inclined in the post core pulling stage and the initial stage of mold closing reset, especially in the mold closing, the slide block is not reset smoothly, resulting in damage to the slide block or even bending damage.

方法根據經驗，滑塊完成抽芯動作後，留在滑槽內的（de）長（zhǎng）度不應小於導槽全長的2/3。

Solution according to experience, after the slider completes the core pulling action, the length left in the chute shall not be less than 2 / 3 of the total length of the guide groove.

8定距拉緊機構失靈擺鉤、搭（dā）扣之（zhī）類的定距拉緊（jǐn）機（jī）構一般用於定模抽芯或一（yī）些二次脫模的模具中，因這類機構在模具的兩側麵成對設置，其動（dòng）作要求必須同步，即合模同時搭扣，開模到一 定位置同時脫鉤。一旦失去同步，勢（shì）必造成被拉模具的模板歪斜而損（sǔn）壞，這些機構的零件要有較高的剛度和耐磨性，調整也很困難，機構（gòu）壽命較（jiào）短，盡量避免（miǎn）使用， 可以改用其他機構。

8. Fixed distance tensioning mechanism fails. Fixed distance tensioning mechanisms such as swing hook and buckle are generally used in fixed mold core pulling or some secondary demoulding molds. Because these mechanisms are set in pairs on both sides of the mold, their actions must be synchronized, that is, the mold is buckled at the same time, and the mold is decoupled at the same time when it is opened to a certain position. Once the synchronization is lost, it is bound to cause the formwork of the drawn die to be skewed and damaged. The parts of these mechanisms should have high stiffness and wear resistance. It is also difficult to adjust. The service life of the mechanism is short. Try to avoid using it and use other mechanisms instead.

故障主要原因斜銷滑塊式抽芯機構損壞這種較常出現的毛病大多是加工上不到（dào）位以及用料（liào）太小，主要有以下問題：

The main cause of the failure is the damage of the inclined pin sliding block core pulling mechanism. Most of the common problems are that the processing is not in place and the material is too small. The main problems are as follows:

斜銷傾角A大，優點是可以（yǐ）在（zài）較短（duǎn）的（de）開模行（háng）程內產生較大抽芯距。但是采（cǎi）取過大的傾角A，當抽拔力F為一定值時，在抽芯過程中斜銷受到的彎曲力 P=F/COSA，也越大，易出現斜銷變形和斜孔磨損。同時，斜銷對滑塊（kuài）產生向上的推力N=FTGA也（yě）越大（dà），此力（lì）使滑塊（kuài）對導槽內導（dǎo）向麵的正壓（yā）力（lì）增大，從而 增（zēng）加了滑塊滑動時的摩擦阻力。易造成滑動不順（shùn），導槽磨（mó）損。根據經驗，傾（qīng）角A不應大（dà）於（yú）25。

The inclination angle a of the inclined pin is large, which has the advantage that it can produce a large core pulling distance in a short mold opening stroke. However, if the inclination angle a is too large, when the pulling force F is a certain value, the bending force P = f / cosa of the inclined pin in the core pulling process is also larger, which is prone to deformation of the inclined pin and wear of the inclined hole. At the same time, the upward thrust n = ftga generated by the inclined pin on the slider is also greater, which increases the positive pressure of the slider on the guide surface in the guide groove, thus increasing the friction resistance when the slider slides. It is easy to cause unsmooth sliding and wear of guide groove. According to experience, the inclination A shall not be greater than 25.

方法在抽心力比較小（xiǎo）的情況下可采用彈簧推出定模的方法，在抽芯力比（bǐ）較大的情況下可采用動（dòng）模後退時型芯滑動，先完成抽芯動作後再分模的結構，在大（dà）型模具上可采用液壓油缸抽芯。

Solution: when the core pulling force is relatively small, the method of spring pushing out the fixed mold can be adopted. When the core pulling force is relatively large, the structure of core sliding when the moving mold retreats, first completing the core pulling action and then dividing the mold can be adopted. The core pulling of hydraulic cylinder can be adopted on large molds.

9注塑模具中排氣不暢注塑模具中常常（cháng）有氣（qì）體產生，這是（shì）由什麽產（chǎn）生的?

9. The exhaust in the injection mold is not smooth, and there is often gas in the injection mold. What is the reason for this?

故（gù）障主要原因澆注係統與模具型腔中存有的空（kōng）氣，有些原料含（hán）有沒有被（bèi）幹燥排除的水分（fèn），它們在高溫下會氣化成水蒸（zhēng）氣，由於在注塑時溫（wēn）度太高，某（mǒu）些性質不穩（wěn）定的塑料會發生分解而（ér）產生氣體；塑料原（yuán）料中的某些添加劑揮發或者相互（hù）化學反應生成的氣體。

The main reason for the failure is the air in the gating system and mold cavity. Some raw materials contain moisture that has not been dried out. They will be gasified into steam at high temperature. Due to the high temperature during injection molding, some unstable plastics will decompose and produce gas; Gases generated by volatilization or mutual chemical reaction of some additives in plastic raw materials.

同時排（pái）氣不良不暢的緣由，也需要盡（jìn）快找出來。注塑模（mó）的排氣不良將會給塑件的質量等（děng）諸多方麵帶來一係列的（de）危害，主要表現：在注塑過程中熔體將取代型腔中的氣體（tǐ），如（rú）果氣體排出（chū）不及時將會造成熔（róng）體充填困難，導致注射量（liàng）不足而（ér）不能充滿型腔；排除不暢的氣體（tǐ）會（huì）在型腔中形成高壓，並且在一定的壓縮程度下滲入塑料的內部，造成空洞、氣孔、組織疏和銀紋等質量缺陷。

At the same time, the cause of poor exhaust also needs to be found out as soon as possible. Poor exhaust of injection mold will bring a series of hazards to the quality of plastic parts and many other aspects, mainly as follows: in the injection process, the melt will replace the gas in the mold cavity. If the gas is not discharged in time, it will make it difficult to fill the melt, resulting in insufficient injection volume and unable to fill the mold cavity; Poor gas removal will form high pressure in the mold cavity and penetrate into the interior of the plastic under a certain degree of compression, resulting in quality defects such as cavities, pores, sparse tissue and crazing.

由於（yú）氣體被高度壓縮，使得型腔內溫度急劇上升，進而引起（qǐ）周圍熔體分解、燒灼，使塑件出現（xiàn）局部碳化和燒焦現象。它主（zhǔ）要出現在兩股（gǔ）熔體（tǐ）的（de）合流處，澆口凸緣處；氣體（tǐ）的排（pái）除不暢，使得進入各型腔的熔體速度不同，因此易形（xíng）成流（liú）動（dòng）痕和熔合痕，並使（shǐ）塑件的力學性（xìng）能降低（dī）。由（yóu）於型腔中氣體的阻礙，會降低充模速度，影響成型周（zhōu）期，降低征稅效率（lǜ）。

Because the gas is highly compressed, the temperature in the mold cavity rises sharply, which leads to the decomposition and burning of the surrounding melt, resulting in local carbonization and charring of the plastic parts. It mainly appears at the confluence of two melts, at the gate flange; The poor removal of gas makes the melt velocity entering each cavity different, so it is easy to form flow marks and fusion marks, and reduce the mechanical properties of plastic parts. Due to the obstruction of gas in the cavity, it will reduce the mold filling speed, affect the molding cycle and reduce the molding efficiency.

塑（sù）件中氣泡的分布，模腔中積（jī）存空氣所產生的氣泡，常（cháng）分布在與澆口相對的部位（wèi）上；塑料原料中分解或化學反應產生的氣泡則沿塑件的厚度（dù）分布；塑（sù）料原料中殘（cán）存水氣化產生的氣泡，則不規則地分布在（zài）整個（gè）塑件上。

The distribution of bubbles in plastic parts. The bubbles generated by the accumulation of air in the mold cavity are often distributed on the part opposite to the gate; Bubbles produced by decomposition or chemical reaction in plastic raw materials are distributed along the thickness of plastic parts; The bubbles generated by residual water gasification in plastic raw materials are irregularly distributed on the whole plastic part.

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