1. It is difficult to take off the gate. In the process of injection molding, the gate is stuck in the gate sleeve and is not easy to take off. When opening the mold, the product is cracked and damaged. In addition, the operator must knock out the tip of the copper rod from the nozzle to loosen it before demoulding, which seriously affects the production efficiency.

故障主要原因澆口錐孔光潔（jié）度（dù）差，內孔圓周方向有刀（dāo）痕（hén）。其次是材料太軟，使用一段（duàn）時間後錐孔小端變形或損傷，以及噴嘴球麵弧度太小，致使澆口料在此處產生（shēng）鉚頭。澆口套的（de）錐孔較難加工，應盡量采用標準件，如需自行加工，也（yě）應自製或購買（mǎi）專用鉸（jiǎo）刀。錐孔需經過研磨至Ra0.4以上。此外，必須設（shè）置（zhì）澆口拉料杆或者澆口頂出。

The main cause of the failure is the poor finish of the gate taper hole and the knife mark in the circumferential direction of the inner hole. Secondly, the material is too soft, the small end of the conical hole is deformed or damaged after use for a period of time, and the spherical radian of the nozzle is too small, resulting in the rivet head of the gate material here. The taper hole of gate sleeve is difficult to process, so standard parts shall be used as far as possible. If it needs to be processed by ourselves, special reamers shall also be made or purchased. The taper hole shall be ground to above Ra0.4. In addition, a gate pull rod or gate ejection must be set.

2大型模具動定模偏移大型模（mó）具（jù）因各（gè）向充料速率不同，以及在裝模時受模具自重的影響產生動、定模偏移。在上述幾種情況下，注射時側向偏移力將加在導柱上，開模（mó）時導柱表麵拉毛、損傷，嚴重時導柱彎曲或切斷，甚至無法開模。

2 large mold dynamic and fixed mold offset large molds have dynamic and fixed mold offset due to different anisotropic filling rates and the influence of mold self weight during mold loading. In the above cases, the lateral offset force will be added to the guide column during injection, and the surface of the guide column will be roughened and damaged during mold opening. In serious cases, the guide column will be bent or cut off, or even unable to open the mold.

解決方（fāng）法為了解決以上問題，在模具分型麵上（shàng）增設高強度的定位鍵四麵各一個，最簡便有效（xiào）的是采用圓柱（zhù）鍵。導柱孔（kǒng）與分模麵的垂直度至關重要，在加工時是采用（yòng）動、定模（mó）對準 位置夾緊（jǐn）後，在鏜床上（shàng）一次鏜完,這樣（yàng）可保證動、定模孔的（de）同心度，並使垂（chuí）直（zhí）度誤差最小。此外（wài），導柱及（jí）導套的熱處理硬度務必達到設計要求。

Solution in order to solve the above problems, a high-strength positioning key is added on the parting surface of the die, one on each side, and the most simple and effective is to use the cylindrical key. The perpendicularity between the guide pillar hole and the parting surface is very important. During processing, the moving and fixed mold are aligned and clamped, and then boring is completed on the boring machine at one time, so as to ensure the concentricity of the moving and fixed mold holes and minimize the perpendicularity error. In addition, the heat treatment hardness of guide post and guide sleeve must meet the design requirements.

3導柱損傷導柱在（zài）模具中主要起導向作用，以保（bǎo）證（zhèng）型芯和型腔（qiāng）的成型麵在任何情（qíng）況下互不（bú）相碰，不能以導柱作為受力件或定位件用。

3. The guide post is damaged. The guide post mainly plays a guiding role in the die to ensure that the forming surfaces of the core and cavity do not collide with each other under any circumstances. The guide post cannot be used as a stress part or positioning part.

故障主（zhǔ）要原因在幾種情（qíng）況下（xià），注射（shè）時動（dòng）、定模將產生巨大的側向偏移力。塑件壁厚要求不均勻時，料流（liú）通過（guò）厚壁（bì）處速率大，在此處產生較大的壓力；塑件側（cè）麵不對稱，如階（jiē）梯形分（fèn）型（xíng）麵的模具相對的兩側麵所受的反（fǎn）壓力不相等。

The main reason for the failure is that in several cases, the moving and fixed mold will produce huge lateral offset force during injection. When the wall thickness of plastic parts is required to be uneven, the rate of material flow passing through the thick wall is large, resulting in large pressure here; The side of the plastic part is asymmetric, such as the back pressure on the opposite sides of the die of the stepped parting surface is not equal.

4動模板彎曲模具在注射時，模腔內熔融塑料產（chǎn）生巨大的（de）反壓力，一般在600~1000公斤/厘米（mǐ）。模具製造者有時不重視（shì）此（cǐ）問題，往往改變原（yuán）設計尺寸，或（huò）者把動模板用低強度鋼板代替，在用頂杆頂料的模（mó）具中，由於兩側座跨距大,造成注射時（shí）模板下彎（wān）。

4. When the movable template bending mold is injected, the molten plastic in the mold cavity produces a huge back pressure, generally 600 ~ 1000 kg / cm. Sometimes mold manufacturers do not pay attention to this problem, often change the original design size, or replace the moving template with low-strength steel plate. In the mold with ejector rod, the template is bent down during injection due to the large span of seats on both sides.

解決（jué）方法故動模板必須選用優質鋼材，要有足夠厚度，切不可用A3等低強度鋼板，在（zài）必要時，應在動模板（bǎn）下方設置支撐柱或（huò）支撐塊，以（yǐ）減小（xiǎo）模板厚度，提高承載能力（lì）。

Solution: therefore, the moving formwork must be made of high-quality steel with sufficient thickness. A3 and other low-strength steel plates shall not be used. If necessary, support columns or blocks shall be set under the moving formwork to reduce the thickness of the formwork and improve the bearing capacity.

5頂杆彎曲，斷裂或者漏料自（zì）製的頂杆質量較好，就是（shì）加工成本太高，現在一般都用標準件，質量要差一些（xiē）。頂杆與孔的間隙如果太大，則出現（xiàn）漏料，但如果間隙太小，在（zài）注射時由（yóu）於模溫升高，頂（dǐng）杆膨脹（zhàng）而卡死。

5 the ejector rod is bent, broken or leaked. The self-made ejector rod is of good quality, but the processing cost is too high. Now standard parts are generally used, and the quality is worse. If the gap between the ejector rod and the hole is too large, there will be material leakage, but if the gap is too small, the ejector rod will expand and jam due to the increase of mold temperature during injection.

更危險的是，有時頂杆被頂出一般距離就頂不動而折斷，結果在下一次合模時這段露出的頂杆不能複位而撞壞凹模。

What's more dangerous is that sometimes the ejector rod can't move and break when it is pushed out for a general distance. As a result, the exposed ejector rod can't be reset at the next mold closing, and the die is damaged.

解決方法為了解決這個問題，頂（dǐng）杆重（chóng）新修磨，在頂杆前端保留10~15毫米的配合段，中間部分磨小0.2毫（háo）米。所有頂杆在裝配後,都必須嚴格（gé）檢查配合間隙，一般在0.05~0.08毫米內，要（yào）保證整個（gè）頂出機（jī）構（gòu）能（néng）進退自如。

Solution: in order to solve this problem, the ejector rod shall be reground, the matching section of 10 ~ 15mm shall be reserved at the front end of the ejector rod, and the middle part shall be ground smaller by 0.2mm. After all ejector rods are assembled, the fit clearance must be strictly checked, generally within 0.05 ~ 0.08mm, to ensure that the whole ejector mechanism can move forward and backward freely.

6冷卻不良（liáng）或水道漏水模具的冷卻效果直（zhí）接影響製品的質量和生產效率，如冷卻不良，製品收縮大，或收縮不（bú）均勻而出現翹麵變形等缺陷。另一方麵模整體或局部過熱，使模具不能正常成型而（ér）停產，嚴重者（zhě）使頂杆等活動件（jiàn）熱脹卡死而損壞（huài）。

6 poor cooling or water leakage, the cooling effect of the mold directly affects the quality and production efficiency of the product, such as poor cooling, large shrinkage of the product, or uneven shrinkage and warping deformation. On the other hand, the overall or local overheating of the die makes the die unable to form normally and stop production. In serious cases, the movable parts such as the ejector rod are blocked by thermal expansion and damaged.

故障主要原因冷卻係統（tǒng）的設計，加工（gōng）以產品形狀而定，不要因為（wéi）模具結構複雜或加工困（kùn）難而省去這個係統，特別是（shì）大中型模具一定要充分考慮冷卻問題。

The main reason for the failure is that the design and processing of the cooling system depend on the product shape. Do not omit this system because of the complex die structure or difficult processing. In particular, the cooling problem must be fully considered for large and medium-sized dies.

7滑塊（kuài）傾斜，複位不順有些模具因受模板麵積（jī）限製，導槽長度太小，滑塊在抽芯動作完畢後露出導（dǎo）槽外麵，這樣在抽芯後階段和合模複位初階段都容易造成滑塊傾斜，特別是在合模時，滑塊複位不順，使滑塊損傷，甚至壓彎（wān）破壞。

7. The slide block is inclined and the reset is not smooth. Due to the limitation of the template area, the length of the guide groove is too small, and the slide block is exposed outside the guide groove after the core pulling action is completed. In this way, the slide block is easy to be inclined in the post core pulling stage and the initial stage of mold closing reset, especially in the mold closing, the slide block is not reset smoothly, resulting in damage to the slide block or even bending damage.

解決方（fāng）法根據經驗，滑塊完成抽芯動作後，留在滑槽內的長度不應小於（yú）導槽（cáo）全長的2/3。

Solution according to experience, after the slider completes the core pulling action, the length left in the chute shall not be less than 2 / 3 of the total length of the guide groove.

8定距拉緊機構失靈擺鉤、搭扣之類的定距拉緊機構一般用於定模抽芯或一些二次脫模的模具中，因這類機構在模具的兩側麵成對設置，其動作要求（qiú）必須同步，即合（hé）模（mó）同時搭扣，開模（mó）到（dào）一 定位置同時（shí）脫鉤。一（yī）旦失去同步，勢必（bì）造成被拉模（mó）具的模板歪斜而損壞，這些機構的零件（jiàn）要有較高的剛（gāng）度和耐磨性，調整也很（hěn）困難，機構壽命較短，盡量避免使用， 可以改用其（qí）他（tā）機構。

8. Fixed distance tensioning mechanism fails. Fixed distance tensioning mechanisms such as swing hook and buckle are generally used in fixed mold core pulling or some secondary demoulding molds. Because these mechanisms are set in pairs on both sides of the mold, their actions must be synchronized, that is, the mold is buckled at the same time, and the mold is decoupled at the same time when it is opened to a certain position. Once the synchronization is lost, it is bound to cause the formwork of the drawn die to be skewed and damaged. The parts of these mechanisms should have high stiffness and wear resistance. It is also difficult to adjust. The service life of the mechanism is short. Try to avoid using it and use other mechanisms instead.

故（gù）障主要原因斜銷滑塊（kuài）式抽芯機構損壞這種較（jiào）常出現的毛病大多是加工上不到位以及用料太小，主（zhǔ）要有以下（xià）問題：

The main cause of the failure is the damage of the inclined pin sliding block core pulling mechanism. Most of the common problems are that the processing is not in place and the material is too small. The main problems are as follows:

斜銷傾角A大（dà），優點是可以在較短的開模行程內產生較大抽芯距（jù）。但是采取過大的（de）傾角A，當抽拔（bá）力F為一定值時，在抽芯過程中斜銷受到的彎曲力 P=F/COSA，也（yě）越大，易出現斜銷變形和斜孔磨損。同時，斜銷對滑塊產生向上的推力N=FTGA也（yě）越大，此力使滑塊對導槽內導向麵的正壓力增大，從而 增加了滑塊滑動時的摩（mó）擦阻力。易造成（chéng）滑（huá）動不順，導槽（cáo）磨損。根據經驗，傾角A不應大於25。

The inclination angle a of the inclined pin is large, which has the advantage that it can produce a large core pulling distance in a short mold opening stroke. However, if the inclination angle a is too large, when the pulling force F is a certain value, the bending force P = f / cosa of the inclined pin in the core pulling process is also larger, which is prone to deformation of the inclined pin and wear of the inclined hole. At the same time, the upward thrust n = ftga generated by the inclined pin on the slider is also greater, which increases the positive pressure of the slider on the guide surface in the guide groove, thus increasing the friction resistance when the slider slides. It is easy to cause unsmooth sliding and wear of guide groove. According to experience, the inclination A shall not be greater than 25.

解決（jué）方（fāng）法在抽心力比（bǐ）較小的情況（kuàng）下可采用彈簧推出定模的方法，在抽芯力比較大的情況下可采用動模後退時型芯滑動，先完成抽芯動作後再分模的結構，在大型模具上可采用液壓油缸（gāng）抽芯（xīn）。

Solution: when the core pulling force is relatively small, the method of spring pushing out the fixed mold can be adopted. When the core pulling force is relatively large, the structure of core sliding when the moving mold retreats, first completing the core pulling action and then dividing the mold can be adopted. The core pulling of hydraulic cylinder can be adopted on large molds.

9注塑模具中排氣不暢注塑模具中常常有氣體產生，這是（shì）由什（shí）麽產生的?

9. The exhaust in the injection mold is not smooth, and there is often gas in the injection mold. What is the reason for this?

故障主要原因澆注（zhù）係統與模具型腔中存有的空氣，有些原料含有（yǒu）沒有被幹燥排除的水分，它們在高溫下（xià）會氣化成水蒸氣，由（yóu）於（yú）在注塑時溫度太高，某些性質（zhì）不（bú）穩定（dìng）的塑料會發生分解（jiě）而產生氣體；塑料原料中的某些添加劑揮發或者相互化學反應生成的氣（qì）體。

The main reason for the failure is the air in the gating system and mold cavity. Some raw materials contain moisture that has not been dried out. They will be gasified into steam at high temperature. Due to the high temperature during injection molding, some unstable plastics will decompose and produce gas; Gases generated by volatilization or mutual chemical reaction of some additives in plastic raw materials.

同（tóng）時排氣不良不暢的（de）緣由，也需要盡快找出來。注（zhù）塑（sù）模的排氣不（bú）良（liáng）將會給塑件的質量等諸（zhū）多方麵帶來一係列的危害，主要表現：在注塑過（guò）程中熔體（tǐ）將取代型腔中的氣體，如果氣體排（pái）出不及時將會造成熔體充填困難，導致（zhì）注（zhù）射量不（bú）足而不能充滿型腔；排除不暢的氣體（tǐ）會在型腔中形成高壓，並（bìng）且在一定的壓縮程（chéng）度下滲入至塑料的內部，造成空洞、氣（qì）孔、組織疏和銀紋等質量缺陷。

At the same time, the cause of poor exhaust also needs to be found out as soon as possible. Poor exhaust of injection mold will bring a series of hazards to the quality of plastic parts and many other aspects, mainly as follows: in the injection process, the melt will replace the gas in the mold cavity. If the gas is not discharged in time, it will make it difficult to fill the melt, resulting in insufficient injection volume and unable to fill the mold cavity; Poor gas removal will form high pressure in the mold cavity and penetrate into the interior of the plastic under a certain degree of compression, resulting in quality defects such as cavities, pores, sparse tissue and crazing.

由於氣體被（bèi）高度壓縮，使得型腔內溫度急劇（jù）上升，進而引起周圍熔體分解（jiě）、燒灼（zhuó），使塑件出現（xiàn）局部碳化和燒焦現象。它主要出（chū）現在（zài）兩股熔（róng）體的合流處，澆口凸緣處；氣體的排除不暢，使得（dé）進（jìn）入各型腔的熔體速度不同（tóng），因此易（yì）形成流動痕和熔合痕，並（bìng）使塑件的力（lì）學性能降低。由於型腔中氣體的阻礙，會（huì）降（jiàng）低充模速度，影響成型周期，降低征稅效率。

Because the gas is highly compressed, the temperature in the mold cavity rises sharply, which leads to the decomposition and burning of the surrounding melt, resulting in local carbonization and charring of the plastic parts. It mainly appears at the confluence of two melts, at the gate flange; The poor removal of gas makes the melt velocity entering each cavity different, so it is easy to form flow marks and fusion marks, and reduce the mechanical properties of plastic parts. Due to the obstruction of gas in the cavity, it will reduce the mold filling speed, affect the molding cycle and reduce the molding efficiency.

塑件中氣泡的分布，模腔（qiāng）中積存空（kōng）氣所產（chǎn）生的氣泡（pào），常分布在（zài）與（yǔ）澆口相對的部位上；塑料原料中分解或（huò）化學反應產生的氣泡（pào）則沿塑件的厚（hòu）度分布；塑料原料中殘存（cún）水氣（qì）化產生的氣泡，則不規則地分（fèn）布在整個塑（sù）件（jiàn）上（shàng）。

The distribution of bubbles in plastic parts. The bubbles generated by the accumulation of air in the mold cavity are often distributed on the part opposite to the gate; Bubbles produced by decomposition or chemical reaction in plastic raw materials are distributed along the thickness of plastic parts; The bubbles generated by residual water gasification in plastic raw materials are irregularly distributed on the whole plastic part.

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