一、塑膠（jiāo）模具結構（gòu）按功能分
1、 Plastic mold structure is divided by function
主要由（yóu）：澆注（zhù）係統、調溫係統、成型零件係統、排氣係統、導向係統、頂出係統等組成。其中澆注係統和成型零件是與塑料直接接觸（chù）部分，並隨塑料和（hé）製品而變化，是塑模中最複雜，變化最大，要求加工光潔度和精度最（zuì）高的部分。
It is mainly composed of gating system, temperature regulating system, forming part system, exhaust system, guiding system, ejection system, etc. Among them, the gating system and molding parts are the parts in direct contact with plastics and change with plastics and products. They are the most complex and changing parts in the plastic mold, which require the highest machining finish and precision.
1.澆注係統：
1. Gating system:
是指塑料從射嘴進入型腔前的流道部分，包（bāo）括（kuò）主流道、冷料穴、分流道和（hé）澆口等（děng）。
It refers to the part of the flow channel before the plastic enters the cavity from the nozzle, including the main flow channel, cold material cavity, shunt channel and gate, etc.
2.成型零件係統：
2. Formed part system:
是指構成（chéng）製品（pǐn）形狀的各種零件（jiàn）組合，包（bāo）括動模、定模和型腔（凹模）、型芯（凸模）、成型杆（gǎn）等組成。型芯形成製品的內表麵，型腔（凹模）形成製品的（de）外表（biǎo）麵形狀。合模（mó）後型芯和型腔（qiāng）便構成了模具的（de）型腔。按工藝和製造（zào）要求，有時型芯和凹模由若幹拚塊組合而成，有時做成整體，僅（jǐn）在易損壞、難加（jiā）工的部位采用鑲件。
It refers to the combination of various parts constituting the shape of the product, including moving die, fixed die, cavity (concave die), core (punch), forming rod, etc. The core forms the inner surface of the product, and the cavity (die) forms the outer surface shape of the product. After clamping, the core and cavity form the cavity of the die. According to the process and manufacturing requirements, sometimes the core and die are combined by several blocks, sometimes as a whole, and inserts are only used in the parts that are easy to be damaged and difficult to process.
3.調溫係統：
3. Temperature regulating system:
為了滿足注射工藝對模具溫度的要求，需要有調溫係統對模（mó）具的溫度進行調節。對於熱塑性（xìng）塑料用注塑模，主要是設計冷卻（què）係統（tǒng）使模具（jù）冷卻（què）（也（yě）可對模具進（jìn）行加熱）。模具冷卻的常用辦法是（shì）在模具內開設冷卻水通道，利用循環流動的冷（lěng）卻水帶走模具的（de）熱量（liàng）；模具的加熱除（chú）可利用冷卻水通熱水或熱油外，還可在（zài）模具內部和（hé）周圍安（ān）裝電加熱元（yuán）件。
In order to meet the requirements of injection process for mold temperature, a temperature regulating system is needed to adjust the mold temperature. For injection molds for thermoplastics, the cooling system is mainly designed to cool the mold (or heat the mold). The common method of mold cooling is to set up a cooling water channel in the mold, and use the circulating cooling water to take away the heat of the mold; In addition to using cooling water to heat hot water or hot oil, electric heating elements can also be installed in and around the mold.
4.排氣係統：
4. Exhaust system:
是為了將注射（shè）成型過程中型（xíng）腔內的空氣及塑（sù）膠融化所（suǒ）產生的氣體排除到模具外而設（shè）立，排（pái）氣不暢時製品表麵會形成氣痕（氣紋）、燒焦（jiāo）等不良；塑膠（jiāo）模（mó）具的排氣係統通常是在（zài）模（mó）具（jù）中開設的一種（zhǒng）槽形出氣口，用以排出原有型腔空（kōng）氣的及熔料帶入的氣（qì）體。
It is set up to exclude the air in the medium-sized cavity and the gas generated by plastic melting from the mold in the injection molding process. When the exhaust is not smooth, the product surface will form gas marks (gas lines), charring and other defects; The exhaust system of plastic mold is usually a grooved air outlet opened in the mold to discharge the air in the original mold cavity and the gas brought in by molten material.
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